Past Issue

Medullary carcinoma of breast is an uncommon distinct type of ductal carcinoma with unique morphological, immunohistochemical and prognostic features. An intriguing feature of this subtype is the relatively better prognosis compared to invasive ductal carcinoma, despite the high-grade histological appearance. This necessitates the precise recognition of this entity. A review of the 411 breast carcinoma cases reported in the Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute from 2008 to 2013, revealed 10 cases to be medullary carcinoma.

Energy management and analysis are more common in large companies since they have the resources and commitment to assign such tasks to employee compared to SMEs. Only a very small proportion of the overall business costs pertains to energy requirements and therefore SMEs pay little attention to energy analysis and management. Fossil fuels, which cause issues related to global warming, can viably be replaced with renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Trends in solar cell development are likely to yield a potential solution to problems generated by an over reliance on fossil fuels.

Primary cutaneous ductal apocrine adenocarcinoma (PCDAA) is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm usually arising in areas of high apocrine gland density. To date, there have been 40 cases of apocrine adenocarcinoma reported in the literature. Similarly, male breast cancer arising in ectopic axillary breast tissue is also an extremely rare malignant neoplasm that has a high incidence of misdiagnosis. Due to the atypical location, a correct diagnosis is often reached during the later stages of cancer. The number of previous studies on male axillary ectopic breast cancer is extremely low.

The role of energy management has greatly expanded in industrial companies who are collaborating with energy service providers to implement energy management practices to improve efficiency. The effort to introduce energy management in small and medium scale enterprises (SME) is limited due to the lack of initiation, expertise and financial constraints. In manufacturing, energy cost is usually only a small portion of the total production cost, and therefore, energy cost receives relatively little attention.

A study was carried out to determine the body condition of sheep brought to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria with major health complaints and to compare with the evaluations in apparently healthy sheep kept at the University Farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria during the same period. The animals were divided into two groups; 40 sheep brought to the Clinic for various health reasons and the second group of 30 apparently healthy sheep.

Formative assessment is an intrinsic part of the ongoing teaching-learning process. Aim of the present study was to compare multiple choice questions with the conventional method of evaluation i.e. long answer questions and short answer questions as a tool for formative assessment. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, as a part-end assessment. Two hundred and thirty eight students of First-year MBBS took the test by both the above methods. Analysis of the study was done by Quantitative analysis and Qualitative analysis.

Hepcidin is a 25-amino peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis. Its serum quantification helps to provide the right therapeutic choice in iron-deficiency anemia and anemia in chronic diseases. We determined serum hepcidin levels using ELISA assay in 125 patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) [stages from II to V] (n=60), rheumatoid arthritis (n=30), β-talasemia major (n=15) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA; n=20) for a period 2012 – 2014 year. We compare their results to control group. The reference ranges for serum hepcidin in Bulgarian population are 3.052 - 37.750 µg/L.

The study included 12 Yersinia ruckeri isolates from rainbow trout with symptoms of yersiniosis. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the isolates were performed by conventional microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods. Identification was confirmed by PCR using Y. ruckeri-specific primers and antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. Some isolates were found to be resistant to florfenicol, erythromycin, and oxytetracycline, which are licensed for use in fish farms.

Diarrhea is one of the remarkable hygiene problems in the world. Despite reducing the diarrheal mortality rates for 3 million children per year through Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT), mortality reduction among patients is still substantial. Objectives: The aim of this study is, detection of bacterial and parasitic agents isolated from diarrheal children’s stool and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. This study also aims to introduce appropriate solutions for reducing of diarrhea causative agents.

Electricity is the major share of total global energy requirement, which is expected to be exponentially growing. As the demand grows steadily, not only will the supply become inadequate, it’s transmission and distribution will become inefficient and wasteful. The existing grid infrastructure was not basically designed for today’s pace of power transfer. It has not been updated and upgraded in accordance to the pace of increases in power and itsdelivery. As the power grid network is already a complex structure, the dynamics of this structure becomes more crucial due to overloading.