Past Issue

Abdominal conditions in children are always a challenge to a general surgeon working at a district hospital in a developing country like Zambia, in most situations working alone with limited resources. The situation is compounded by the shortage of specialized pediatric surgeons in the vicinity, shortage of specialized investigations like CT scan or MRI and limited laboratory investigations. Our focus of the research was Chingola, a mining town in the Copperbelt province of Zambia with a population of 200,000(2011 census).

Pain creates uneasiness in human, compel him to rest. Postoperative pain can cause restlessness & that’s why many times damage to suturing material, wound dehiscence causing incisional hernia or recurrent hernia. There are many methods to relieve pain like psycho prophylactic preparation, use of nerve blocks, continuous epidural analgesia and spinal opoids in major operatives. In postoperative period many times parenteral and oral analgesics are used which includes NSAIDS, morphin derivatives and central pain inhibitors.

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm epithelial in origin that accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Epithelial cells of Pindborg tumour arise from remnants of the cells in the stratum intermedium layer of the enamel organ in tooth development.It mostly occurs in the mandibular posterior region of jaw. The occurrence of this tumour in the anterior maxilla (an uncommon site) makes it rarer.

Background: Bone marrow is involved in various hematological and non hematological disorders. Therefore, bone marrow examination is required to analyse the underlying etiology.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the department of Pathology, Government Medical College Rajkot, Gujarat (India) from January 2013 to June 2015. Bone marrow aspiration was done in 112 patients for various suspected hematological disorders.

Baground and the objective: Diabetes Millitus according to the  public referred to as diabetes is a metabolic disorder that caused by various factors, with the symtoms of chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disorder in carbohidrate, fat, and protein (Yakti, 2011). Kraksaan district health centers, there were 173 patients with diabetes militus in 2013, this shows a decrease of about 5, 46% of people with diabetes millitus in 2012, namely 183 patients.

Background: Evaluation of proteinuria in HIV naive infected patients is important, as it is often an early indicator of underlying kidney dysfunction, a common sequel of HIV infection.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of proteinuria in HIV positive naïve patients. 

Background: In the United States, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem among Hispanics. Understanding risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies that prevent and manage the disease. Purpose: To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes among Hispanics. 
Methods: Databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were used for conducting this review. The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 65 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. 

This study investigated the effect of 6 weeks of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and dynamic stretching techniques on select fitness measures of power athletes. To obtain data, the investigators had selected sixty (N=60) female power athletes of 18-23 years of age to act as subjects All the subjects were purposively assigned to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Stretching Group (n1 =20); Dynamic Stretching Group (n2=20) & Control Group (n3=20).

Gingival pigmentation due to melanin is caused by deposition of melanin pigments within the gingival epithelium. Excessive gingival pigmentation is a major esthetic problems for many people because they causes an unaesthetic dark gums. Although clinical melanin pigmentation does not present a medical problem, demand for esthetic de-pigmentation therapy is commonly made by people for improved their esthetics. This case report presents a surgical technique of de-epithelization which has been successfully used to treat gingival pigmentation.

Tongue tie or Ankyloglossia is a rare congenital anomaly. In this condition the tongue is attached to floor of the mouth. The patient is unable to protrude his tongue properly. Difficulty in speech, suction, feeding and difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene has been reported.  We report a case of partial ankyloglossia in a 35 year old male child which was treated and followed up without complications.