Redefining Pharmacy Practice: A Systematic review of the roles, Competencies, and Contributions of Pharmacists in Enhancing Healthcare Quality and Accessibility

Pharmacists have transitioned from traditional roles centered on medication dispensing to becoming essential contributors to patient-centered care, public health initiatives, and healthcare policy development. This systematic review examines the evolving roles, competencies, and contributions of pharmacists in enhancing healthcare quality and accessibility globally. Through an extensive review of literature from 2010 to 2024, we identify the critical impact of pharmacists in improving medication management, reducing healthcare costs, and expanding care in underserved populations. The competencies required for modern pharmacy practice—including clinical decision-making, communication, digital literacy, and leadership—are highlighted as essential for maximizing pharmacists' contributions. Despite their proven impact, challenges such as regulatory limitations, workforce shortages, and underutilization persist. Future directions emphasize policy reforms, the integration of pharmacists in multidisciplinary healthcare teams, and the incorporation of advanced digital technologies. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the strategic role pharmacists play in evolving healthcare systems and offers guidance for policy, education, and practice improvements.