Pisa syndrome in the evolution of parkinson's disease: A case report

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized as a neurodegenerative disease marked by motor and non-motor signals. Due to the advancement of motor symptoms, a patient with PD may develop postural abnormalities, such as Pisa Syndrome. Little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause such complications, however, theories about the etiology are now consolidated in the exploratory field of neuroscience. Objective: The objective of the present work is to elucidate the clinical aspects, as well as theories about the pathophysiology of Pisa Syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease, through a case report. Discussion: Patients with Parkinson's disease usually present postural changes resulting from the balance element - detriment of postural reflexes, and from the postural orientation element, in view of what occurs in Pisa Syndrome. There is no agreement on the diagnostic criteria for Pisa Syndrome, however, the criterion most frequently used for diagnosis is based on a lateral flexion of the trunk of at least 10°. There are many hypotheses that contribute to the pathophysiology of Pisa Syndrome, however, the exact mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Conclusion: Studies on Pisa Syndrome found that although the abnormality affects the quality of life of patients who have it, they remain functionally active and partially independent. Even so, it is conjectured that the Syndrome for generating greater dynamic postural instability is responsible for a greater risk of falling. Such information points to the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.