Phytochemical study and evaluation of the biological activity of the species Jasmim (Plumeria rubra L.)

The plant species Plumeriarubra L. belongs to the family Apocynaceae, which originates from Central America and is widely distributed in the tropical climate regions of the world, including Brazil, as well as in Asia and East Timor. This plant is popularly known as jasmine, jasmine-mango, frangipani, pagoda tree, or "ai Santo Antonio. Studies reveal some critical biological activities of your polar extract, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer. The objective of this work was to identify the classes of secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, and toxicity test of ethanol extracts from their flowers and leaves. The identification of the types of secondary metabolites, based on the appearance of staining and precipitation of extracts diluted in solution and specific reactive scans by phytochemical tests, the assay of antioxidant activity was performed with the method of DPPH free radical sequestration, with UV-vis spectrometer reading, using wavelength at 520 nm to obtain the IC50. The toxicity test was performed in front of the Artemiasalina, and the LD50 was calculated. The results of secondary metabolite tests revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, coumarins, flavonoids (absence in leaves), alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins (absence in flowers). The results of spectrophotometric readings showed that the ethanolic extract of the flowers presented the IC50 of 495.17 ppm, and the ethanolic extract of the leaves gave the IC50 of 782.35 ppm. Where, the ethanolic extract of the flowers showed moderate antioxidant activity and the ethanolic extract of the leaves presented weak antioxidant activity, compared to the definite pattern of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The results of toxicity tests against saline artemia showed a lethal dose (LD50) 478.75 ppm of flower extract and lethal dose (LD50) 818.28 ppm of leaf extract. Flower extracts showed moderate toxicity, and leaf extract showed low toxicity. The preliminary results obtained in this work the plant presents good oxidizing activity in flowers and larvicidal activity in leaf and flower extracts, however, further studies should be carried out in the search for biological activity, phytochemicals, isolation and other activities in the future for the development of new products in the pharmaceutical area, food among other applicability.