Fungal potential for the decolorization of textile dyes

The textile dyes used in industry are formed by complex structures with high coloration and are often difficult to treat for decolorization. These dyes, present in high concentration, have a toxic effect on the ecosystem and bioremediation methods using microorganisms cause less toxicity impact on the environment. In this work, four distinct Aspergillusspp. strains, capable of decolorizing dyes used in the textile industry, congored and indigo carmine, diluted in Normal Decolorization Medium, were used. The screening of the best fungus was performed to evaluate the decolorization capacity in liquid medium. The best decolorization results were chosen to carry out the ecotoxicity assays and characterization of the biotreated dye parameters. The four strains evaluated showed a percentage of up to 96.10% of decolorization of the tested dyes. Phytotoxicity tests were carried out, which, in comparison with the negative control group, showed significant and promising results, with cucumberseed germination and root growth. The characterization of the dye demonstrated biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and pH according to established parameters. Therefore, the removal of dyes was achieved through decolorization carried out by fungal microorganisms, and this corresponded to a decrease in the phytotoxicity of congored.