Newborn Thermoregulation: A Comprehensive Review

Introduction: Thermoregulation is a critical physiological function in newborns and is essential for survival and optimal growth during the early neonatal period. Newborns, particularly preterm and low-birth-weight infants, are highly vulnerable to temperature instability due to anatomical and physiological immaturity. Inadequate thermal control can lead to serious complications, including hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review of the literature focusing on neonatal thermoregulation. Relevant studies were identified through electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and publications from international health organizations. Research articles, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and guidelines addressing neonatal thermal regulation and thermal care practices were included. Results: The findings indicate that neonatal hypothermia remains a common and significant problem worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. Evidence consistently demonstrates that simple, evidence-based interventions such as immediate drying after birth, early and continuous skin-to-skin contact, delayed bathing, maintenance of warm environmental temperatures, and appropriate use of warming devices are effective in maintaining thermal stability. Kangaroo Mother Care was identified as a highly effective and practical intervention for preventing hypothermia and improving neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Effective thermoregulation is a cornerstone of essential newborn care. Strengthening adherence to evidence-based thermal protection practices, including routine temperature monitoring and promotion of Kangaroo Mother Care, can substantially reduce preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality.