Mitigating Soil-Transmitted Helminths Disease: Latrine Implementation among School-Aged Children in Dharavi Slums, India

Background: Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH) infections affect 24% of the global population, with India reporting 375 million cases in 2013. The research explored the impact of constructing latrines to reduce STH transmission among school-aged children in Dharavi Slums, India. Open defecation, a prevalent issue, contributes to STH transmission. While mass drug administration has been the primary intervention, this research focused on building latrines to address infection reservoirs. A cluster randomized trial in 30 Dharavi subsections assessed STH prevalence through stool samples before and after latrine implementation, targeting children aged 6-12, the most vulnerable group. The intervention's success was measured by reduced STH prevalence and concentration in stool samples. The study bridged the gaps in existing research on the impact of sanitary infrastructure and incorporates hygiene education and behavioral change to address STH risk factors. The intervention aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically tackling SDG 6 – Sanitation, by striving for universal access to equitable sanitation and hygiene. Incorporating hygiene education ensured behavioral change, promoting proper handwashing and food handling. Overcoming social-cultural barriers was crucial for latrine acceptance, emphasizing community engagement and new public policy initiatives. This comprehensive approach contributes to SDG targets and underscores the significance of community-driven initiatives in achieving global health goals.