Major approaches the orbit fracture and surgical treatments: a systematic review

Introduction: Fractures of orbital rupture are common. The same is true for surgical complications when the efficiency of dissection of the trapped intra-orbital content or hernia in the fracture could not be dissected completely and safely. In this sense, blow-out orbital fractures are those that affect exclusively the floor and/or the medial orbital wall. Orbital injuries are frequently seen in facial trauma and can cause a wide range of functional problems such as enophthalmos and diplopia, as well as aesthetic deformities. Objective: Conduct a systematic review of the main approaches to orbit fracture and surgical treatments in clinical studies. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model. After literary search criteria using the MeSH Terms that were cited in the item below on “Search strategies”, a total of 48 clinical studies were compared and submitted to the eligibility analysis, and, after that, 18 studies were selected, following the systematic review rules - PRISMA. Major findings and conclusion: Orbital injuries are frequently seen in facial trauma and can cause a wide range of functional problems such as enophthalmos and diplopia, as well as aesthetic deformities. The need for surgical treatment of these fractures is quite controversial. Some blow-out orbital fractures do not have sequelae if they are not surgically treated, while others can result in aesthetically unacceptable enophthalmos and/or disabling diplopia. The main issue, therefore, is the identification of those patients who require surgical intervention, the time of surgery, and the surgical technique involved.