Hydrogeological condition in a smart city of belagavi in Belgaum District, Karnataka

The belgavi at north western corner of the Karnataka and is located at.15°15’15’’ north latitude, east longitude 74°30’55’’ it is spread on over area of 94.7 sq.km it is district head quarter as well as division, It comprises the districts of Bagalkot, Belgavi Bijapur, Dharwad - Hubli, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttara Kannada. It is the fourth largest city of the state of Karnataka, the first three being Bangalore, Mysore, Hubli-Dharwar. Belgaum has now become one of the important place belagavi as a 58 wards and now marching with a tag of fast growing, redeveloping district with a population of Belgaum 4,65,282 (Census, 2001). Belgavi is exactly at the center Mumbai and Bangalore government of Karnataka proposed second capital recently upcoming second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhan Soudha. The city, with a gross density of 4913 persons per sq km which is higher than the district population density. It is not uniform distributed in the city very low to high, it is well-co/ metropolitan population is 610,189.[16] Males constitute 51% (309,689) of the population and females 49% (300,500). Belgaum has an average literacy rate of 78%, of those literate, 54% are males and 46% are females. (It is now part of the Golden Quadrilateral), Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) and connecting Karnataka and Goa). Run buses to all corners of Karnataka another district as well as state capital bengaluru to neighboring states. Served by KSRTC. Belgavi as a tropical climate. It is known for its pleasant year-round climate. Belgavi as a its coldest in winter (November - February temperatures dropping to 7 degrees Celsius; the minimum temperature in Karnataka state is usually recorded in Belgavi and it experiences almost continuous monsoon ,connected by road via National Highway 4, now part of the Golden Quadrilateral. It is on the main Indian railways grid, and is part of Hubli Division Belgavi connected by air fort it is situated at Sam bra air fort Iis 10kilometersfrom the city on stateHighway20 from this they can fly other state capitals. / metropolitan population is 610,189.[16] Males constitute 51% (309,689) of the population and females 49% (300,500). Belgavi has an average literacy rate of 78%, is now part of the Golden Quadrilateral), Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) and connecting Karnataka and Goa). run buses to all corners of Karnataka another district as well as state capital Bangalore and to neighboring states. Served by KSRTC other services the. Belgavi has a tropicaical climate (It is known for its pleasant climate around- year-. Belgavi is at its coldest in winter (November - February temperatures dropping to 7 degrees Celsius; the minimum temperature in Karnataka state is usually recorded in Belgavi, [13]) and it experiences almost continuous monsoon under lined by Deccan basalts which are and elevated land, The landscape of the city mainly consists of vast stretches of plains studded with solitary hills and most of them are flat topped. The elevation vary from 728 to 768 m. amsl. Sloping towards north. Drainage the water table conditions the occurrence and circulation of ground water is controlled by vesicular, Belgavi city on the western side drained by north easterly flowing Markandeya river and on the eastern side drained by the Bellarynalla (HerihallaTasnadi). Both are origin inWesternghat with elevation of723m these are sub tributaries’ of Malaprabha river, which ultimately joins the Krishna river. The drainage pattern is dendritic in nature. city under lain by Deccan basalts capped with late rite in southern portion The Kaladgi equivalents and Dharwar are exposed on north east and south eastern portions respectively. City soils area covered with three types of soils viz: late rite soils, sandy soils and black cotton soils. Lateritic soils cover on southern part of the city, with the thickness varying from 5.0 to 15.00 m. Black cotton soils distributed on the north eastern and eastern parts of the city with the thickness vary from 2.0 to 8.0 m. The red soil or mixed soils distributed on sloppy lands. The infiltration tests test result shows that the constant rate of infiltration for lateritic, sandy and black cotton respectively. The City Sanitation Plan for the city of Belgavi looks forward to develop effective strategies for safe disposal of solid and liquid waste generating throughout the city by suggesting environment friendly low cost technical options for the same. Due to non-acquitting of lands and non-development of areas that the reserved parks, open spaces, playgrounds, some parts of the city are lacking in these facilities. The total area under parks & open spaces is about 3.37% of the developed area. The details of the existing land use.: ground water occurs in fractures, joints, vesicular and in weathered zones of basalts under the water as wells as semi-confined conditions. The leaky confined conditions also observed in the deeper aquifers. In late rites it occurs under units and through secondary porosity developed by weathering, in addition to joints and fractures and by the topographic configuration. Basalts are undifferentiated composite flows without conspicuous ground water quality during 2006 may pre monsoon data in some area recorded, nitrate above permissible limit may be due to sewerage/poor drainage condition. And In general ground water fresh with EC ranges180to760 microsiemens/cm at 25°C.