Delonix regia Biodiesel: A Review of its Potential Utilization for Sustainable Energy and National Development

This review explores the potential of flamboyant (Delonix regia) seed oil biodiesel as a sustainable alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, with a particular focus on its implications for national development. Delonix regia is abundant in Nigeria and offers various uses, including ornamental, ecological, medicinal, and economic applications, particularly from its seeds. The biodiesel derived from its seeds, Delonix regia methyl ester or biodiesel, possesses physicochemical properties suitable for compression ignition engines applications. The paper highlights the critical role of energy and exergy analyses in comprehensively understanding and optimizing engine performance and combustion characteristics when using biodiesel blends. These analyses are crucial for identifying energy losses and enhancing overall efficiency. The review also discusses the application of optimization techniques, such as Design of Experiment and Artificial Neural Networks, to further improve engine performance. Ultimately, this paper concludes that Delonix regia biodiesel, supported by rigorous thermodynamic analysis, presents a significant opportunity for national development. It can drive energy independence, foster economic diversification, ensure environmental sustainability, and promote evidence-based policymaking. To fully realize this potential for a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape, key policy actions are recommended: full-scale deployment, standardization, local value chain promotion, policy integration, and capacity building.