Climate change Mitigation and Adaptation Measures in Agriculture: A Mini-Review

Climate change represents one of the main threats to agriculture as a result of alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns, the increased frequency of extreme events, and the growing pressure from pests and diseases, which compromise crop productivity and global food security. Furthermore, the agricultural sector's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and the high vulnerability of production systems have highlighted the need for the integrated implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies. A literature review was conducted to synthesize scientific evidence on the impacts of climate change on agriculture, as well as mitigation and adaptation measures. The reviewed literature shows that climate impacts on crop productivity are closely linked to the effectiveness of management practices. The studies analyzed indicate that practices such as conservation agriculture, efficient nitrogen management, agroforestry, crop diversification, and improved water management reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase carbon sequestration, and strengthen the resilience of production systems to adverse climatic conditions. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that integrating mitigation and adaptation measures can generate synergiesthat optimize environmental sustainability, agricultural productivity, and the stability of rural livelihoods.