Association between sars-cov-2 and helicobacterpylori infection for hyperemesis pregnancy: contribution of the nervous, immunological and endocrine systems in a bidirectional axis

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms commonly presented in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, when there is an exacerbation of these symptoms, it progresses to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Recent studies indicate an association between infection of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori and the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. This infection has a high prevalence in pregnant women, as pregnancy itself brings risk factors for the infection to occur. In addition, with the advent of the pandemic, it became evident that pregnancy is also a risk factor for SARS-COV-2 infection, consequently estimating the susceptibility to hyperemesis gravidarum resulting from the vulnerability of the gastric mucosa and other maternal-fetal implications. To correlate the infection promoted by SARS-COV-2 and Helicobacter pylori to hyperemesis gravidarum, emphasizing the contribution of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems in a bidirectional axis. This is an integrative literature review. By taking hold of clear norms and scientific rigor, the following steps will be taken to prepare the study: identification of the theme and selection of the hypothesis; establishment of criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies; literature search; definition of the information to be extracted from the selected studies; categorization of studies; evaluation of studies included in the integrative review; interpretation of results and synthesis of knowledge. With this research, it is expected that a better screening of patients with GH will be carried out, in order to avoid gestational complications resulting from the condition, such as prematurity and stillbirth. In addition, to increase the visibility of the association of HG with Helicobacter pylori infection by linking it, hordially, with SARS-COV-2 infection. With this, it is expected with the present work, an expansion of the literature regarding the mechanisms of gastric protection and its relevance in pregnancy, except for its vulnerability to infections and subsequent maternal-fetal implications.