Analysis of the Potential Mechanism of Chlorogenic acid in the Treatment of Sepsis Based on Multidimensional Bioinformatics

Using multi-dimensional bioinformatics, this study systematically explores the immunomodulatory mechanisms of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in sepsis. By integrating five databases, we identified 337 putative targets; Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and KEGG pathway analyses indicated primary involvement in oxidative stress, immune regulation, and cellular repair pathways. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 13,509 differentially expressed genes, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered modules closely associated with sepsis, enriched for macrophage activation and monocyte chemotaxis. An integrative analysis further pinpointed 53 key genes implicated in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, necroptosis, and Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis. Immune infiltration analysis suggested upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in neutrophils, while molecular docking indicated that CGA can stably bind to key proteins such as TNF, IL1B, and MMP9. Although these findings suggest a potential immunomodulatory role for CGA in sepsis, additional experimental studies are required to validate its therapeutic value.