Understanding antibiotic Misuse: A Critical review of global trends and impact

Antibiotic misuse, characterized by overprescription, self-medication, and agricultural overuse, has precipitated a global health crisis marked by escalating antibiotic resistance. This critical review examines the historical context, causes, and consequences of antibiotic misuse, highlighting disparities between high-income and low-income countries and the cultural and socio-economic factors influencing these practices. The review underscores the severe implications of antibiotic resistance, including heightened public health risks, economic burdens, and environmental impacts. Strategies to combat antibiotic misuse are explored, emphasizing the importance of robust policies, public health campaigns, healthcare provider education, and the development of new antibiotics and rapid diagnostics. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review advocates for a coordinated global effort to mitigate antibiotic misuse and preserve the efficacy of these essential drugs for future generations.