A study of 24 hours urinary parameters in kidney stone disease

Urinary metabolic abnormalities such as low urine volume, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia predispose the patient to early recurrence in kidney stone disease. This present study was planned to measure calcium, magnesium, oxalate, citrate, phosphate and uric acid in 24  hours urine samples in first time kidney stone disease and recurrent kidney  stone disease patients to emphasize the importance of these measurements in  metabolic evaluation and management of kidney stone disease. A total of 60 individuals were studied comprising of a control group of 20 healthy individuals and a case group of 40 kidney stone patients. The case group was sub divided into one group of 20 patients having first time kidney stone and  other group of 20 patients having recurrent kidney stones. Significantly higher levels of 24 hours urinary calcium and oxalate were found in first  time kidney stone disease patients and recurrent kidney stone disease  patients when compared to normal healthy controls. Significantly lower levels  of 24 hours urinary citrate and magnesium were present in first time kidney  stone disease patients and recurrent kidney stone disease patients when  compared to normal healthy controls. This study suggests to emphasize the  importance of these measurements in metabolic evaluation and management of  kidney stone disease. However, large population based studies are required to  draw any conclusion.