PB2+ removal efficiencies of fire clay soils through the distribution of different particle size: an overview

Batch absorption studies were carried out to evaluate the Pb2+ adsorption capacities of different fired clay soils with different particle size distributions. Adsorption efficiency was observed to increase with an increase in clay content. Adsorption efficiencies of the fired clay soils were also influenced by the firing temperature, the solutions acidity, initial Pb2+ concentrations, shaking time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption of Pb2+by the clay soils was observed to increase linearly from pH 1 to 5.Many problems from soil research to ceramics require a reliable characterization of clay minerals involved. This can be done using four clay organic reaction such as: i) Staining test and Dye adsorption ii) Intercalation iii) Reaction type of Kaolin and iv) Alkyl ammonium ion exchange. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied for the immobilization of metal ions mutual interactions between the molecules ions sorbed on the surface.