Clinical anatomy of uretheric constraints: A systematic review

Introduction: The ureter is a channel responsible for carrying urine to the urinary bladder, through peristalsis and contractions, however, this channel can be affected by three types of constrictions, at the junction of the ureter with the renal pelvis called the ureteropelvic, from the edge of the pelvis to the passage of the iliac blood vessels called the abdominopelvic and at the intersection of the external iliac artery and the bladder wall called the vesicoureteral. These points, then, are relevant for clinical analysis, since they are the cause of several pathologies such as urinary incontinence, intrinsic urinary sphincter dysfunction, and obstruction by kidney stones. Objective: This study aims to carry out a systematic review study of the three points of ureteral contractions. Methodology: The present proposed literature review on the anatomical points of ureteric constrictions, carried out between August and September 2018. Result: It was found that the most widely used medications for pain relief are antispasmodics, non-opioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotics. Conclusion: It is concluded that, for a better diagnosis, tests such as uroflowmetry, voiding urethrocystography, cystoscopy, and ultrasound are used.