The full 9 stepped cycle of proton, electron conductance and normal existence of human body
International Journal of Development Research
The full 9 stepped cycle of proton, electron conductance and normal existence of human body
Received 17th March, 2018; Received in revised form 26th April, 2018; Accepted 04th May, 2018; Published online 28th June, 2018
Copyright © 2018, Ambaga and Tumen-Ulzii. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In the Our first imagination about existence of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance as very important precondition of normal existence of human body was connected with these regularly repeated processes as the transfer of electron to KoQ with the transfer of protons across a membrane to intermembrane space with participation of complex I-NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, during which two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to ubiquinone (UQ) - complex I also translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane and also under influence of complex III - cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2 - cytochrome c reductase two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and total four protons are translocated. Also, our imagination about existence of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance was connected with these regularly repeated bioevents as that the cell respiration evolving early in the history of life was needed the involvement of the bioenergetical membrane structures and when pH of blood falls the affinity of hemoglobin to O2 decreased, which accompanied by release of O2 in tissues, and increased CO2 in blood led to elevation of H+ production, and when H+ binds to deoxyhemoglobin, which accompanied by decrease of accesibility of O2 to hemoglobin and in this case release O2 is increased. The membrane - based mechanism for making ATP as one of very important parts of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance, within which electrons and protons released from food substrates are transferred along a electron carriers, protons (H+) flows back down its electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase, which catalyses the energy requiring synthesis ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. About 2×109 years ago, the O2 released owing to photosynthesis in cyanobacteria began to accumulate in the atmosphere. Once both organic molecules as food substrates and O2 as electron acceptor had become abundant, electron - transport chains became adapted for the transport of electrons from NADH to O2, and efficient aerobic metabolism developed in many bacteria with following development of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance in the level of whole organism with involvement of hemaglobins of vertebrate erythrocytes, which perform two major biological functions transport of O2 from respiratory organ to peripheral tissues, and transport of CO2 and protons from peripheral tissues to respiratory organ for subsequent excretion within last 8 and 9 stages of closed proton cycle, proposed by us. The new conception relating to existence of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance have been included these processes as electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with using of three proton pumps - heart of the electron transport process as I, III, and IV complexes within first 1-7 stages of closed proton cycle, proposed by us, resulting to trans membrane proton gradient, which is used to produce useful biological works by using ATP and reducing power (as NADPH).