Comprehensive Analysis of Rainfall Pattern, Slope Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Strategiesin Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of Kullu district's rainfall patterns and associated vulnerabilities over the past three decades. Results illustrate annual rainfall data, highlighting extreme years like 2010 and 2019 with peak rainfall, and 2004 and 1999 with minimal levels. The trends in both annual and normal rainfall comparisons indicate a notable variability. Despite fluctuations, a marginal 0.0031 percent rise in overall rainfall is observed, suggesting a gradual increase over time. The examination of monsoonal rainfall trends from 1993 to July 2023 reveals a 0.0132 percent upward trend, with distinct variations such as the remarkable 2010 peak and the 2004 low. Descriptive statistics further uncover seasonal patterns, emphasizing maximum rainfall during July and August. The analysis of Z scores presents intriguing deviations from the mean, showcasing years of exceptional performance, like 2010, and periods of deviation, such as 2003 and 2004. The region's topography's influence on flood vulnerabilities is highlighted, with gentle slopes exhibiting better drainage capacity than steeper ones, which are prone to flash floods. The study emphasizes the necessity of effective land management, erosion control, and drainage systems to mitigate risks. Additionally, the study underscores the susceptibility of towns in Kullu District to natural hazards due to their proximity to rivers. The dominance of rangeland and tree cover, along with limited built-up areas, as revealed by the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) analysis, further accentuates the need for disaster preparedness measures, proper land use planning, and robust drainage systems to mitigate potential damages and safeguard vulnerable communities.