The new era of human genomics and emerging bioethical issues

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International Journal of Development Research

The new era of human genomics and emerging bioethical issues

Abstract: 

The new era of human genetic research has begun with the completion of Human Genome Project in 2003. Consequently, a standard functional human genome map has been produced depicting location, sequence, functions and mode of regulation of approximately one lakh genes of entire human genome. Because of advances in information and communication technology and genomic technologies, DNA sequencing, testing and manipulation are now faster, cheaper, and more accurate as compared to 15 years ago. The research outcomes are increasingly being used to enhance resource capabilities of medical, pharmaceuticals and health care systems. Scientists predict of genomic revolution in coming decade that will have transformational impact on our society through beginning of new disciplines in biomedical sciences such as predictive medicine, prenatal genetic screening, prenatal selection for genetic enhancement, and gene therapies for incurable diseases. Nonetheless, bioethical challenges encountered in applications of genetic research information with respect to genetic privacy, genetic discrimination, genetic spying, genetic manipulation and patenting of genetic information need to be resolved through stringent government regulations to prohibit the misuse of genetic databases of genome of the research subjects (individuals, communities, or populations).

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