Impacts of trampling by cattle and sheep on fluvic neosol in the ifpb-campus sousa, pb Semi-Arid in Brazil

Brazil stands out in animal husbandry with great influence on the export market of meat. However, this activity is causing high soil degradation in pastureland. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of animal trampling in the physical and chemical soil attributes in grazing areas and environmental reserves. For this, an experiment was conducted in the IFPB Campus Sousa, carried out in a block design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates each. The treatments used were: Sabiá Forest (T1), Mountain with bovine grazing (T2), Bovine rotational grazing system (T3), Ovine grazing area (Coconut) (T4), Ovine rotational grazing system (T5). Samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm and taken to the laboratory of the Institute LASAP for physical [particle size, soil density (Ds), total porosity (En), clay dispersed in water (CDW) and degree of flocculation (DF)] and chemical analysis [pH, potassium (K +), sodium (Na +), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg+), organic matter (OM)], sum of bases (SB), CEC and bases saturation (V%). Grazing pressure with cattle and sheep induced an increase in soil density and total porosity reduction. Sheep trampling favored the reduction in levels of organic matter in the soil due to greater use of pastures by the animals. Treatments T2, T3 and T5, maintained adequate fertility levels compared to preservation area (T1), while the T4 had decrease of nutrients.