Impacts of sunspots on space weather and climate change

This paper addresses the Solar Actvity cause and effect of climate change and their various impacts. Earth’s Sunspots are the coldest part of the Sun and usually develop in pairs. The magnetic field in sunspots stores energy that is released in solar flares (SFs)/coronal mass ejections (CMEs). As a result, solar source activities usually occur in a cycle that mimics the 11-year sunspot cycle (SC). The solar energy that drives the weather system, scientists naturally wondered whether they might connect climate changes with solar variations. The Sun is the primary driver of Earth’s space weather. Storms on the Sun, in the form of SFs/CMEs, can launch showers of radiation and powerful magnetic fields into interplanetary space. Space weather comes as short-lived storms which can last minutes to hours to days. The Sun also undergoes cycles in its level of activity that span years to decades, causing longer-term variations in space weather. Finally, the Sun has changed substantially over the multi-billion year history of our solar system, producing long-term ‘climate change’ effects on our space weather. In the present work, we have discussed potential role of solar activities on recent climate change and space weather. =