Discussion of polycystic ovary syndrome and the emblematic of clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnosis

The objective of this study was to describe the main parameters related to the diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (POS). An integrative review was carried out with a search in the PUBMED, MEDLINE and virtual health library (VHL) databases, using the descriptors "polycystic ovary syndrome", "diagnosis"AND"clinical aspects" AND"markers" AND "diagnostic imaging". The inclusion criteria of the research: articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish available complete and online, published between 2016 and 2020, being excluded articles that did not address diagnostic methods of POS. Throughout the diagnostic investigation of POS, it was observed that the main clinical parameters are those that point to hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, alopecia), in addition to the presence of menstrual dysfunction, such as amenorrhea, resulting from anovulation. Among the laboratory aspects, the elevation of biochemical markers, such as free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, may be present in up to 80% and 35% of cases, respectively.Moreover, from the point of view of imaging, POS is presented through the presence of ≥ 20 follicles of 2 to 9 mm and/or ovarian volume ≥ to 10cm³. It was concluded that POS can cause damage to the reproductive system, as well as due to its multisystemic repercussions, and it is possible in the diagnosis to observe the direct relationship of hyperandrogeny with the disease, on ultrasound imaging, in the clinic and in laboratory tests, the combination of these criteria occurs in the Rotterdam consensus. The correct and early diagnosis is indispensable for a good clinical outcome of patients.