Critical Insights into Rational Antibiotic use: A Systematic Review

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have precipitated a global health crisis characterized by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing significant challenges to effective disease management. This systematic review critically examines the rational use of antibiotics, focusing on current prescribing practices, influencing factors, and strategies for optimization. The review identifies key determinants of antibiotic prescribing behaviors, including clinical, provider, patient, and systemic factors. It highlights the detrimental impact of inappropriate antibiotic use, such as increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to resistant infections. The review also discusses various strategies to promote rational antibiotic use, including antibiotic stewardship programs, education and training, diagnostic stewardship, patient engagement, policy and regulation, and infection prevention and control. Case studies from countries with successful antibiotic stewardship initiatives are presented to illustrate effective practices. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for a multifaceted approach and global collaboration to achieve rational antibiotic use and combat antibiotic resistance, underscoring the importance of continuous innovation in diagnostic tools and public awareness campaigns.