Anestesia para lobectomia parcial em recém nascido com enfisema lobar Congênito: Revisão da Literatura

Introduction: Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare disease, of still unknown etiology, with an incidence of 1:20-30 thousand births. Its prevalence by sex remains under discussion. It is characterized by progressive lobar hyperinflation, due to air trapping of a collapsed airway, resulting in distension of the lobe and causing a mass effect that compresses the other lobes and diverts the mediastinum. Diagnosis is made through imaging tests, and treatment is usually surgical. Anesthesia for partial lobectomy in a newborn with CLE is a delicate process that requires specific care due to the patient's age and the nature of the medical condition. The objective of this work is to discuss anesthetic management for lobectomy in newborns with congenital lobar emphysema and the use of positive pressure ventilation, based on an integrative literature review. Methodology: This is a literature review, emphasizing the role of anesthesia for partial lobectomy in newborns with CLE, and how it can impact the pediatric sector. Final considerations: Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare pathology, which should be suspected in newborns and infants with respiratory distress, giving importance to the various possible differential diagnoses. As it is an uncommon disease, there is still some diagnostic difficulty in neonatal hospital services or even during the management and care of infants. It is easy to diagnose and surgical treatment is considered effective and safe, and can be reversed with timely and planned anesthetic management. Lobectomy of the affected lobes therefore offers a goodprognosis and satisfactory results, with low operative mortality depending on the coexistence of other malformations and the general condition of the child. Attention should be paid to positive pressure ventilation due to the factors that can interfere and lead to impairment of normal lungs in the face of this disease.